Medienwissenschaft / Hamburg: Berichte und Papiere 97, 2009: Filmtherapie. ISSN 1613-7477. Redaktion und Copyright dieser Ausgabe: Caroline Amann. Letzte Änderung: 26. August 2009. URL der Hamburger Ausgabe: .http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/Medien/berichte/arbeiten/0097_09.pdf. Cine-Therapie / Film-Therapie. Eine erste Bibliographie. Zusammengestellt von Caroline Amann Glossarische Begriffe: des Films, die formalen Vorgaben, die ein Film als therapeutische Anwendungen von Filmen materiale und symbolische Vorgabe des Rezeptions- Videotherapie cinema therapy prozesses macht, in Beziehungen zu bringen mit den cinetherapy allgemeinen Bestimmungen, denen das Verhalten film therapy des Zuschauers unterworfen ist (ihn zu „positionie- movie therapy ren“, die „Zuschauerrolle“ als textuell-dominierte video therapy Rolle zu skizzieren oder ähnlich), so ist das indivi- dazu auch: Bibliotherapie manchmal als Teil von: Kunsttherapie duell-empirische Urteil eines Zuschauers, die sozia- len oder biographischen Bezüge, die er dazu akti- viert, gerade nicht Aufgabe der Filmtheorie. Filme Darüber können viele, die in der Bildungsarbeit der eröffnen Potentiale von Bedeutungen, sind an- Akademien versuchen, mit allgemeinem Publikum schließbar an diverse Rezeptionshorizonte, die ihrer- über Themen ins Gespräch zu kommen, die tabui- seits wieder signifikant sein können (als klassenspe- siert, traumatisiert, intimisiert oder sonstwie blo- zifische readings etwa, als Dekodierungen, die auf ckiert sind, berichten: Setzt man Filme als Katalysa- Distanz zu den angebotenen Deutungsmustern gehen toren des Gesprächs ein, wird es vielen möglich, - die Cultural Studies handelt zentral von solchen über Dinge zu sprechen, die ihnen sonst unzugäng- Differenzierungen -, oder als Differenzierungen der lich sind. Und sie können anders darüber sprechen, Zuschauer hinsichtlich ihrer „cineastischen“ Orien- als ermögliche der Film eine Spiegelung und da- tierungen und Vorlieben). All dieses ist aber eben- durch eine Abmilderung der eigenen Beginderungen falls nicht vom einzelnen abhängig. Für die Therapie im Umgang mit einem Thema. Dass Psychiater sich dagegen steht nun aber das Besondere des jeweiligen dieser eigentümlichen Fähigkeit des Films versichert Patienten im Zentrum, das Besondere seiner Ausle- haben, sie zu therapeutischen Zwecken ausnutzen, gungen, Impressionen, Assoziationen, Urteile, das nimmt nicht wunder. Zwar ist die Film- oder Cine- Besondere auch in Form des Nicht-Wahrnehmens, therapie erst seit wenigen Jahren auch Thema theo- des Vergessens und Übersehens. Darum markiert das retischer Reflexion, doch spielt Film im therapeuti- psychotherapeutische Projekt der Cinetherapie eine schen Prozeß schon lange eine gewichtige Rolle. höchst interessante Grenze der filmischen Arbeit an Film and andere Künste, müßte man ergänzen, weil Strukturen des filmischen Textes, die das Ausgangs- gewisse Spielformen der narrativen Therapie, die Bi- material je indivdueller und zumindest zum Teil sub- bliotherapie und die Kunsttherapie sehr viel längere jektiver Aneignungen bilden. Darum auch ist eine Traditionen auch theoretischer Reflexion kennt, Kasusistik eine der ersten und allgemeinsten Teildis- manchmal zur Grundlage ganzer Therapieformen ziplinen der Cinetherapie. Dass Prozesse der Über- geworden ist. tragung hier ebenso große Bedeutung einnehmen wie Prozesse der in allgemeiner Therapie, und dass Filmtherapie ist auch für den Filmwissenschaftler es opportun ist, Strategien der Verdrängung, Subli- von höchstem Interesse, zeigt sich doch hier Aneig- mierung, Blockierung etc. beim Umgang mit filmi- nung von Filmen an einer signifikanten Grenze. Ist schen Materialien anzunehmen, wie sie im Umgang es Aufgabe einer Rezeptionstheorie oder -ästhetik Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 2 mit primärere Erfahrung auch verfolgt werden, er- bring in more of their own personal experiences. A re- scheint insgesamt evident zu sein. cognizable group psychotherapy process was establis- hed over the period of a year with the cinematherapy becoming quite important to the group members. (Psy- cINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights re- Bibliographie served)(from the journal abstract) Angus, Lynne E. / McLeod, John (eds.) (2004) The Black, S.D. (1998). Life at the Movies: The Art of handbook of narrative and psychotherapy. Practice, Cinema Therapy. In: Christian Counseling Today theory, and research. Thousand Oaks, Cal. [...]: Sage 6,4, pp. 22-26. 2004, XI, 404 S. Bliersbach, Gerhard (2002) Die Therapie im Kino- Ballauri, Giuseppe (2007) Psicoterapia e Immagi- sessel. In: Psychologie heute, 2, S. 36-41. nario cinematografico. Un Percorso di Formazione. Roma: Borla, 292 S. Calisch, A. (2001) From Reel to Real: Use of Video as a Therapeutic Tool. In: Afterimage, 29, pp. 22-24. Berg-Cross Linda / Jennings, Pamela / Baruch, Rhoda (1990) Cinematherapy: Theory and Applica- Christie, Mimi / McGrath, Mary (1987) Taking up tion. In: Psychotherapy in Private Practice 8,1, pp. the Challenge. Film as a Therapeutic Metaphor and 135-157. Action Ritual. In: Australian and New Zealand ￢ Develops a theoretical framework of how and when to Journal of Family Therapy 8,4, pp. 193-199. use cinematherapy, a therapeutic technique that invol- ves having the therapist select commercial films for Christie, Mimi / McGrath, Mary (1989) Man Who the client to view alone or with specified others. The Catch Fly with a Chopstick Accomplish Anything. film may be intended to have a direct therapeutic ef- Film in Therapy: The Sequel. In: Australian and fect or may be used as a stimulus for further interven- tions within a session. Cinematherapy is discussed as New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 10,3, pp. an outgrowth of bibliotherapy. Three case studies are 145-150. presented, along with clinical procedures and an initial cinematherapy bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Re- Creswell, Catharine (2001) A Case of ‚Soap Thera- cord (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) py‘. Using Soap Operas to Adapt Cognitive Therapy for an Adolescent with Learning Disabilities. In: Cli- Berger, Milton M. (ed.) (1978) Videotape Techni- nical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 6,2, 2001, ques in Psychiatric Training and Treatment. Rev. ed. pp. 307-315. New York : Brunner-Mazel, XXXI, 406 S. ￢ A case study is presented which describes the applica- ￢ At first: New York: Brunner-Mazel 1970, XV, tion of soap opera material to demonstrate and practise 303 S. the primary tasks of cognitive therapy with an adole- scent girl with moderate learning disabilities. It is Bierman, Joseph S. / Krieger, Alyssa R. / Leifer, argued that soap operas provide a valuable learning Mindy (2003) Group Cinematherapy as a Treatment opportunity as they are watched by a large proportion of the population, focus on the relationships between Modality for Adolescent Girls. In: Residential Treat- their characters, create an opportunity for the viewer ment for Children & Youth 21,1, pp. 1-15. to get to know the characters and, hence, speculate ￢ Group cinematherapy, with its focus on films, is useful about their thoughts and feelings and predict their acti- as a supplemental mode of psychotherapy in a residen- ons. The television medium also appears to aid attenti- tial treatment center for adolescent girls. What little on and memory processes and is often inherently mo- that has been published about it stresses film as a me- tivating for the viewer. It is argued that television is an taphor for themes and conflicts. This metaphoric ex- under-used resource in our work, in particular when it pression can be viewed psychodynamically as a defen- comes to helping people to recognize emotions and se against the overwhelming affects that would be ge- understand the rules of interpersonal relationships. nerated by a too direct psychotherapeutic approach. The commercial films that were shown monthly to the De Franco, Luciana (a cura di) (2004) Ciak, si vive. group of fifteen girls in one unit were chosen by the Grande schermo e piccoli gruppi. Roma: MaGi, 110 two co-therapists to promote discussion of relevant to- S. (Immagini dall'inconscio.). pics such as the mother-daughter relationship and the missing father. Gradually, the girls became able to dis- ￢ Zur Gruppentherapie. cuss more of their observations about the films and Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 3 Dermer, Shannon B. / Hutchings, Jennifer B. Foster, L.H. (1989) Cinematherapy in the Schools. (2000) Utilizing Movies in Family Therapy: Appli- In: Chi Sigma Iota Exemplar 16,3, 1989, p. 8. cations for Individuals, Couples, and Families. In: American Journal of Family Therapy 28, pp. 163- Friedman, N. (1981) HAROLD AND MAUDE: An Expe- 180. riental Therapy Case. In: Review of Existential Psy- chology and Psychiatry 17,2-3, pp. 169-189. Diaz de Chumaceiro, Cora L. (2000) Induced Film Recall: Biographies of Classical Composers. In: Gabbard, Glen O. (ed., introd.) (2001) Psychoana- Journal of Poetry Therapy 13,3, March 2000, pp. lysis & Film. London: H. Karnac, viii, 239 S. (Inter- 157-163. national Journal of Psychoanalysis. Key Papers Se- ￢ Increasingly the film industry is making available new ries.). and old movies in video format that can facilite our ￢ Inhalt: work in treatment when patients recall this artform. http://www.gbv.de/dms/hbz/toc/ht013559330.pdf. This paper draws attention to videos of biographies of classical composers, as in the expressive arts therapies Gabbard, Glen O. / Gabbard, Krin (1999) Psych- we also select the materials to be used with patients. iatry and the Cinema. Washington, DC/London: Working with these films in therapy additionally en- hances the cultural aspect of life. American Psychiatric Press, XX, 304 S. ￢ 2. ed., XXVI, 408 S. Duncan, K. / Beck, D. / Granum, R. (1986) Ordi- nary People. Using a Popular Film in Group Thera- Gabbard, Glenn O. (2002) The Psychology of THE py. In: Journal of Counseling and Development SOPRANOS: Love, Death, Desire, and Betrayal in Ame- 65,1, pp. 50-51. rica's Favorite Gangster Family. New York: Basic Books, XIV, 191 S. Dwivedi, Kedar Nath (ed.) (1997) The therapeutic use of stories. London/New York: Routledge 1997, Gersie, Alida (1997) Reflections on therapeutic sto- xvii, 237 pp. rymaking. The use of stories in groups. London/Bris- Narrative Therapie. tol, Pa: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 1997, 248 pp.￢ ￢ Includes bibliographical references, pp. 228-242. Eber, M. / O'Brien, J.M. (1982) Psychotherapy in ￢ Zur „narrativen Therapie“. the Movies. In: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice 19, pp. 116-120. Goldfield, Michael D. / Levy, Roland (1968) The Use of Television Videotape to Enhance the Thera- Falk-Kessler, J.F. / Froschauer, K.H. (1978) The peutic Value of Psychodrama. In: American Journal soap opera: a dynamic group approach for psychia- of Psychiatry 125, Nov. 1968, pp. 690-692. tric patients. In: American Journal of Occupational ￢ The value and potentials of videotape replay of psy-chodrama are reviewed. While one benefit is in sho- Therapy 32,5, May-June 1978, pp. 317-319. wing participants what they are doing and feeling, it ￢ This article describes the use of television soap operas also permits the director to review his own actions in as a catalyst for group discussion in a psychiatric faci- order to perfect and correct his technique. The au- lity. Group objectives, membership criteria and for- dience can also be involved by recording their reacti- mat, as well as leadership styles and techniques are ons to the dramas taking place. discussed. After analysis of the TV program and dis- cussion themes, the authors determined that this group Grace, Maria (2006) Reel Fulfillment: A 12-Step approach facilitates problem solving and patient inter- action, while increasing self-awareness. In addition, Plan for Transforming Your Life Through Movies. this format eases the entry process of a new member New York: McGraw-Hill, xxix, 258 pp. into the group gy creating a nonthreatening atmosphe- ￢ Contents: 1: Wake up to Your Dream Life. 2: Make re where patients are not pressured to relate to others Sense of Your Fantasies. 3: Acknowledge your True immediately. Needs. 4: Identify Your Self-Sabotaging Pattern. 5: Correct Your Self-Sabotaging Pattern. 6: Break Free Fleming, Michael Z. / Piedmont, Ralph L. / Hiam, from Emotional Black Holes. 7: Get Grounded in the C. Michael (1990) Images of Madness. Feature Now. 8: Practice Creative Imagination. 9: Practice Ef-fective Prayer. 10: Lighten Your Heart. 11: Practice Films in Teaching Psychiatry. In: Teaching of Psy- Creativity. 12: Create Abundance. chology 17,3, pp. 185-187. Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 4 Greenberg, Harvey R. (1975) The Movies on Your gelmann. München [...]: Urban & Schwarzenberg, Mind. New York: Saturday Review Press [...] 1975, XI, 224 S. (U-&-S-Psychologie.). 273 S. Hering, C. (1994) The Problem of the Alien. Ema- Greenberg, Harvey Roy (1993) Screen Memories. tional Mastery or Emotional Facism. In: Free Asso- Hollywood Cinema on the Psychoanalytic Couch. ciation 4,3 (= 31), pp. 391-407. New York: Columbia University Press 1993, 277 S. Hesley, John W. (2000). Reel Therapy. In: Psycho- Greenberg, Harvey R. (2000) A Field Guide to Ci- logy Today 33, Jan. 2000, pp. 54-57. netherapy: On Celluloid Psychoanalysis and Its Practitioners. In: American Journal of Psychoanaly- Hesley, John W. / Hesley, Jan G. (1998) Rent Two sis 60,4, Dec. 2000, pp. 329-339. Films and Let's Talk in the Morning: Using Popular Movies in Psychotherapy. New York: John Wiley & Grodin, Debra (1991) The Interpreting Audience: Sons, xiii, 305 pp. The Therapeutics of Self-Help Book Reading. In: ￢ 2nd ed. New York: Wiley 2001, xxv, 353 pp. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 8, 1991, ￢ Unlock the emotional roadblocks that can inhibit or pp. 404-420. interfere with the success of therapy Videowork is the therapeutic process in which therapists assign popular Gunzburg, J.C. (1989) Traversing the Labyrinth: films that relate to core issues of ongoing therapy. Cli- Cinema as Therapeutic Medium. In: Journal of Inte- ents are instructed to do their "homework" between grative and Eclectic Psychology 8,1, pp. 3-6. sessions and prepare for discussion in future sessions. Rent Two Films and Let's Talk in the Morning explo- res how therapeutic work interwoven with popular Haas, J. William (1995) The Application of Cinema films enhances traditional therapy. This much-antici- in the Practice of Psychotherapy. Ph.D. Thesis, Wi- pated revision provides an introduction to using movie dener University, Institute for Graduate Clinical Psy- rentals in therapy and serves as a ready reference for chology. therapists who want to assign videos as homework. ￢ Dazu: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: Authors John and Jan Hesley address the dilemmas The Sciences and Engineering 56,4-B, Oct. 1995, p. that you may face when deciding when it is appropria- 2327. te to assign a film, and offer friendly guidance and de- ￢ Cinema is more than a form of entertainment. It is a tailed information on every aspect of using films as means of communication, a vehicle for instruction, an tools in therapy. In addition, this updated edition: Pro- historical record, and a looking glass that shapes and vides concise descriptions of dozens of popular videos reflects the zeitgeist of the times. In psychotherapy, and shows how they can be used as therapy for speci- film can be used in many ways. A movie can be utili- fic therapeutic needs (divorce, child abuse, substance zed to initiate or stimulate discussion. Film can clarify abuse, etc.) Contains a revised organizational struc- and enhance interpretations. For clients, a motion pic- ture, covering therapy topics based on patient issues ture can provide some distance from their issues, allo- frequently encountered in therapy, including marital wing exploration and examination to proceed in a less problems, parenting, job stress, abuse, and emotional direct and painful way, decreasing the need to employ disorders Offers suggestions on selecting films, crea- resistances and defenses. This dissertation presents a ting assignments, and processing homework Provides model for combining cinema and psychotherapy. newly released film reviews, along with 40 additional Chapter One traces the history of providers of mental films with brief descriptions, in the "Therapists' Film health care in the movies. Chapter Two reviews the Reference". portrayal of psychopathology on film. Chapter Three presents a series of case studies for several clinical si- Heston, Melissa L. / Kottman, Terry (1997) Mo- tuations. Chapter Four details the author's model of ci- vies as Metaphors. A Counseling Intervention. In: nematherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 The Journal of Humanistic Education and Develop- APA, all rights reserved) ment 36, pp. 92-99. Hauke, Christopher / Alister, Ian (2001) Jung & Horenstein, Mary Ann [...] (1994) Reel Life/Real Film: Post Jungian Takes on the Moving Image. Life: A Video Guide for Personal Discovery. Kendall New York: Brunner/Mazel, XVI, 254 S. Park, NJ: Fourth White Press, XIII, 490 S. ￢ Ratgeber zum Selbststudium. Heilveil, Ira (1984) Video in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch für die Praxis. Übers. von Jutta Schust. Hrsg. von Günter Drechsel u. H. Jürgen Ka- Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 5 Johnson, S. (1993) HUSBANDS AND WIVES. In: Con- ages 13 to 18 years old and can be used in a variety of temporary Film Therapy 15,6, pp. 443-458. settings, including schools, hospitals, mental health agencies, and community centers. It consists of one- Kalm, Michael A. (2004) The Healing Movie Book hour group sessions that are held weekly for eight - Precious Images: The Healing Use of Cinema in weeks. The seven topics covered include Family Rela- Psychotherapy. O.O.: Lulu Press, VII, 266 S. tionships, Parental Conflict, Child Custody, Internali-zing Behaviors (Sadness, Anxiety, and Withdrawal), Externalizing Behaviors (Anger, Aggression, and Ac- Kilguss, Anne (1974) Using Soap Operas as a The- ting Out), Peer and Romantic Relationships, and Blen- rapeutic Tool. In: Social Casework, 55, pp. 525-530. ded Families. Each session covers one topic, except for the last session, which is for review, filling out Lampropoulos, Georgios K. / Kazantsis, Nikolaos questionnaires, and termination of the group. The pro- / Deanne, Frank P. (2004) Psychologist‘s Use of gram also uses scenes from a variety of motion pictu- Motion Pictures in Clinical Practice. In: Professio- res about issues related to parental divorce to facilitate nal Psychology: Research and Practice 35,5, pp. group discussion. The manual provides background 535-541. information on the topics addressed in the group and ￢ Do professional psychologists use motion pictures in brief summaries of the movies and movie scenes. Ses- clinical practice? If so, do they consider motion pictu- sions begin with an introduction to the topic, the mo- res to have therapeutic value? Of 827 licensed practi- vies, and the movie scenes of that week. Then each cing psychologists, 67% reported the use of motion movie scene is viewed and discussed. Discussion pictures to promote therapy gains. Most of these prac- questions in the treatment manual facilitate discussi- titioners (88%) considered the use of motion pictures ons about thoughts, feelings and reactions to the sce- as effective in promoting treatment outcome, and only nes and observations about the characters and themes. a minority (1%) reported them as potentially harmful. Optional supplemental activity worksheets are inclu- Compared with their psychodynamic counterparts, ded with every chapter to maintain a written record of therapists practicing within eclectic-integrative, cogni- ideas and feelings and to develop and practice coping tive-behavioral, or humanistic frameworks were more skills. The appendix of the manual also includes a likely to view or use motion pictures as therapeutic sample parent information letter and consent form, a tools. Psychologists provided individual evaluations of referral form, a flyer for recruiting participants, a De- 27 motion pictures that deal with a variety of mental mographic Information Questionnaire and a Feedback health subjects, and overall they were characterized as Questionnaire. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 "moderately helpful." Clinical applications and issues APA, all rights reserved) pertaining to using motion pictures in therapy are summarized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 MacNiff, Shaun (1988) Fundamentals of art thera- APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal abstract) py. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, VII, 253 S. Lee, Jennifer Yah-Rong (2005) A Group Therapy McNiff, Shaun (1992) Art as medicine. Creating a Manual Using Cinematherapy to Improve Adjust- therapy of the imagination. Boston, Mass./London: ment in Adolescents After Parental Divorce. Ph.D. Shambhala, 235 S. Thesis, San Francisco Bay: Alliant International University Mehl-Madrona, Lewis (2005) Coyote wisdom. The ￢ Dazu: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: power of story in healing. Rochester, Vt: Bear & Co The Sciences and Engineering 66,4-B, 2005, p. 2310. 2005, x, 230 pp. ￢ A literature review of the effects of parental divorce ￢ Contents: Creation stories -- Stealing fire -- Stories of on children and adolescents, factors that affect child- transformation -- Stories of connectivity -- Stories that ren's postdivorce adjustment, and divorce services and heal -- Telling our story -- Stories as psychotherapy -- programs revealed that there were very few programs Archetypes as agents of change -- Stories of miracles for adolescents even though adolescents have unique -- Reauthoring therapy. developmental tasks and concerns that affect their ￢ Zur „narrativen Therapie“. postdivorce adjustment. Because adolescents tend to rely on contact with similar-age peers and the mass Marrs, R.W. (1995) A Metaanalysis of Bibliothera- media for information and experiences, a literature re- py Studies. In: American Journal of Community Psy- view of group therapy and cinematherapy was also chology 23, pp. 843-870. conducted to determine how these approaches could be used to improve adolescents' postdivorce adjust- Marmai, Luciana [...] (2005) L'opinione del Pazi- ment. A treatment manual for group therapy with ado- enti sui Fattori terapeutici del Gruppo-cinema: Uno lescents adjusting to parental divorce was developed for this dissertation. The program is for adolescents Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 6 Studio pilota. In: Rivista di Psichiatria 40,6, Nov.- ons of the scientific background--using movies to ex- Dec. 2005, pp. 347-352. emplify, illuminate, and inspire. Positive psychology ￢ Introduction: The use of films (cinema therapy) is one and its "founding fathers" Martin Seligman, Christo- of the most frequent therapeutic activities for the treat- pher Peterson, and Mihály Csíkszentmihályi have ment of severely mentally ill patients in the rehabilita- identified 6 "virtues" and 24 "strengths" that are nearly tion settings. The aim found during study was to as- universal across cultures. This book leads systemati- sess the patients' opinions on the satisfaction, thera- cally through them, in each case outlining Key Con- peutic factors and difficulties found during cinema cepts, Relevant Research, an Exemplar from a key therapy. Methods: The Cinema Therapy Ques- movie, other movie portrayals (including international tionnaire, a 7-items questionnaire assessing satisfacti- cinema), Antitheses, Key Enablers and Inhibitors, on, expressive, supportive and group therapeutic fac- Practical Applications, and Summary. Readers or clas- tors, was administered to 74 psychiatric patients ad- ses are invited to consider key issues--and the book mitted to a residential facility for short to medium care also provides a syllabus for positive psychology cour- treatment. Results: The patients were moderately satis- ses based on movies. This book is uniquely suited for: fied by cinema therapy and evaluated more helpful the (1) individuals or groups wanting to understand the supportive factors implicated in the sealing over the concepts of positive psychology and thus improve process of the psychological distress. Integration pro- their own lives; and (2) for teaching the concepts and cess was considered less helpful. The majority of the practical benefits of positive psychology, in patients have found difficulties, mostly related to the university/college, work, clinic, or other settings. length of the film and comprehension. Conclusions: (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights The study suggests to use short and simple films in ci- reserved) nema therapy for severely mentally ill patients, and to promote a supportive conduction facilitating the se- Nugent, Stephanie A. / Shaunessy, Elizabeth aling over process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) (2003) Using Film in Teacher Training: Viewing the 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal ab- Gifted Through Different Lenses. In: Roeper Review stract) 25,3, Spring 2003, pp. 128-131. ￢ Much has been written about the use of popular film Mastronardi, Vincenzo Maria (2005) Filmtherapy. clips for cinematherapy with gifted students. However, I film che ti aiutano a stare meglio. Roma: Armando, the use of this media has not been addressed in terms 159 pp. (Psicologia dei comportamenti e della devi- of educating preservice teachers, in-service teachers, anza.). and graduate students about the characteristics, stereo- types, social-emotional needs, diverse populations, pa- Milne, H. / Reis, S. (2000) Using Videotherapy to renting issues, and characteristics of teachers of the Address the Social and Emotional Needs of Gifted gifted. Strategies and sample film clips by are descri- Children. In: Gifted Child Today 23,1, pp. 24-29. bed for preservice, in-service, and graduate use. Sug-gestions, cautions, and future considerations are also presented. Listings of possible films and suggested to- Moore, Floy Jack / Chernell, Eugene / West, pical applications are included. (PsycINFO Database Maxwell J. (1965) Television as a Therapeutic Tool: Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the "O Wad Some Power the Giftie Gie Us". In: Archi- journal abstract) ves of General Psychiatry 12,2, 1965, pp. 217-220. Orchowski, Lindsay M. / Spickard, Brad A. / Mc- Niemiec, Ryan M. / Wedding, Danny (2008) Posi- Namara, John R. (2006) Cinema and the Valuing tive Psychology at the Movies. Using Films to Build of Psychotherapy: Implications for Clinical Practice. Virtues and Character Strengths. Cambridge [...]: In: Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Hogrefe & Huber, XII, 308 S. 37,5, Oct. 2006, pp. 506-514. ￢ Contents: http://d-nb.info/984808256/04. ￢ Cinema is riddled with negative portrayals of psycho- ￢ (from the cover) Movies are a powerful and enjoyable therapy. In a media-saturated culture, public attitudes medium for learning. This book shows how to use regarding the prevalence of mental illness, the sym- film to learn about the concepts and the real-life bene- ptomatology that defines abnormality, and the profes- fits of positive psychology, both for self-improvement sionals who address such disorders are profoundly in- and in classes or seminars. Positive psychology is a fluenced by the images and messages in cinema and science concerned with strengths and virtues, particu- mass media. It is imperative for psychologists to main- larly those that lead to fulfillment, connectedness, and tain an awareness of the cinematic portrayals of psy- meaning in life. Drawing on the authors' vast experi- chotherapists, psychotherapy, and mental illness in or- ence of teaching, movie discussion groups, and with der to better understand clients' expectations for thera- patients, this book combines research-based advice on py. By increasing awareness of the role of the media in how to improve life and flourish with clear explanati- shaping the image of professional psychology, clini- Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 7 cians can hope to decrease the stigma surrounding on One Movie at a Time. New York: Delta Trade Pa- mental health care through engaging in discussions of perbacks, xiv, 221 pp. these media stereotypes and advocating for more reali- stic portrayals of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Peske, Nancy / West, Beverly (2004) Cinemathera- Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal abstract) py goes to the Oscars : The girl’s guide to the best movie medicine ever made. New York : Universe, Paquette, Mary (2003) Real life and reel life (Edi- 255 pp. torial: Movies as therapy). In: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 39,2, April-June 2003, pp. 47-48. Peske, Nancy / West, Beverly (1999) Cinemathera- ￢ Online-Fassung: URL: py: The Girl's Guide to Movies For Every Mood. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_2 New York: Dell Trade Paperback, xiii, 258 pp. 00304/ai_n9202983. Portadin, Matthew A. (2006) The Use of Popular Parry, Thomas Alan / Doan, Robert E. (1994) Sto- Film in Psychotherapy. Is There a 'Cinematherapy'? ry re-visions. Narrative therapy in the postmodern Cambridge, Mass., Massachusetts School of Profes- world. New York, NY [...]: Guilford Press 1994, sional Psychology, Diss., 2006, XIV, 169 pp. VIII, 216 S. ￢ This theoretical study examined therapists' use of po- pular film in psychotherapy. In the professional litera- Payne, Martin (2000) Narrative therapy An intro- ture this is generally referred to as "cinematherapy". duction for counsellors. London [...]: Sage Publ. Proponents of "cinematherapy" view it as an extension 2000, ix, 237 S. or continuation of an older, more proven, form of the-rapy called bibliotherapy. However, there does not ap- pear to be any outcome research data supporting that Peake, Thomas H. (2004) Cinema and Life Deve- the use of film is a form of therapy that should be dee- lopment. Healing Lives and Training Therapists. med "cinematherapy". Rather, the evidence that is Westport, Conn. [...]: Praeger, 139 pp. being used to support "cinematherapy" as psychothe- rapy is only case study and anecdotal observations. Peck, Janice (1995) TV Talk Shows as Therapeutic Because of this, "cinematherapy" should therefore be Discourse: The Ideological Labor of the Televised examined in a more systematic way. In order to be bet- Talking Cure. In: Communication Theory 5,1, Febr. ter able to begin to answer the questions posed by this 1995, pp. 58-81. study: (1) Does a formal psychotherapy as "cinema- ￢ This essay examines the extension of therapeutic dis- therapy" exist? and (2) Is the term "cinematherapy" a course into daytime television talk shows ("Sally Jessy valid term for the use of film in psychotherapy?, the Raphael" and "Oprah Winfrey"), and argues that the history and uses of "cinematherapy" or the use of film programs are fueled by deep social tensions that provi- in psychotherapy were addressed, definitions and cri- de both the substance of the talk and the object of the teria of psychotherapy were discussed, bibliotherapy "ideological labor" of the talk show fom. Key ele- was examined, and the literature on "cinematherapy" ments of that labor are topical framing, synthetic per- was critically analyzed. The critical analysis of the li- sonalizatton, and the use of therapeutic discourse that terature led this author to determine that a formal psy- help organize (and thereby manage) social conflict chotherapy as "cinematherapy" does not yet exist and into narratives of individual psychological dysfuncti- that the term "cinematherapy" is not a valid term for ons. the use of film in psychotherapy. There is the promise of such a therapy and such a term, but is developmen- tally in its infancy. This author also articulated what Peske, Nancy / West, Beverly (2002) Advanced Ci- needed to be done in order to perhaps begin establis- nematherapy: The Girl's Guide to Happiness One hing the use of film in psychotherapy as a therapeutic Movie At A Time. New York: Dell Trade Paperbacks, modality. This included increasing education in the XII, 228 pp. field, looking at other literature that the author may not have included in this study, and conducting outco- Peske, Nancy / West, Beverly (2003) Cinemathera- me research on the use of film in psychotherapy. This py for Lovers: The Girl's Guide to Finding True author suggested three studies that could further the Love One Movie at a Time. New York: Dell [Delta legitimate use of film as psychotherapy, and therefore Trade Paperbacks], xiv, 238 pp. use of the term "cinematherapy" to describe the use of film in psychotherapy. Finally, this author discussed Peske, Nancy / West, Beverly (2004) Cinemathera- the clinical significance and relevance of this study and the ethical implications raised by this study. (Psy- py for the Soul: The Girl's Guide Finding Inspirati- Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 8 cINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights re- ture characters in clinical training and supervision / served) Alan Schwitzer, Kelly E. MacDonald & Pamela Dickinson -- The therapeutic use of popular electronic Powell, Michael L. / Newgent, Rebecca A. / Lee, media with today's teenagers / Scott Riviere. Sank Min (2006) Group Cinematherapy. Using Me- taphor to Enhance Adoscent Self-Esteem. In: Arts in Schauer, Maggie / Neuner, Frank / Ebert, Thomas Psychotherapy 33,3, pp. 247-253. (2005) Narrative exposure therapy. A short-term in- ￢ This study examines the effectiveness of a cinemathe- tervention for traumatic stress disorders after war, rapy intervention at enhancing the perceived self-es- terror, or torture. Cambridge, Mass. [...]: Hogrefe teem of 16 youth with a serious emotional disturbance. 2005, VIII, 68 S. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem ￢ Zur „Narrative Exposure Therapy“. Scale (RSE) at pre-, post-, and 1-week follow-up wi- thin a 6-week coping skills group in which a brief ci- Schulenberg, Stefan E, (2003) Psychotherapy and nematherapy intervention is introduced to a treatment the Movies. On Using Films in Clinical Practice. In: and delayed treatment group. A control group was used, which only received the coping skills training. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 33,1, pp. Results of a split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) 35-48. with one between-groups factor and one repeated- ￢ The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practice of measures factor revealed no significant differences wi- recommending movies for clients to watch to assist thin or between groups, however, meaningful diffe- them with their presenting complaints. Movies may be rences between the three groups were found. Implica- an efficient means of working with some clients who tions for counselors and therapists are discussed. (Psy- are difficult to reach emotionally through other me- cINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights re- thods. They also provide a powerful means of obser- served)(from the journal abstract) vational learning with opportunities to choose among different attitudes and behaviors. The pros and cons of Rubin, Lawrence C. (ed.) Popular Culture in this intervention are discussed, as well as initial sugge- Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Play-Based Inter- stions on incorporating films into clinical practice. A ventions. New York, NY: Springer. cautious approach is recommended, as a systematic series of empirical investigations should be underta- ￢ Contents: Metaphors, analogies & myths, oh my!: the- ken to more effectively inform clinical practice. Ex- rapeutic journeys along the yellow brick road / Lisa amples of areas to target for future research are provi- Saldana -- Harry Potter and the prisoner within: hel- ded. ping children with traumatic loss / William McNulty -- Calvin and Hobbes to the rescue! the therapeutic uses of comic strips and cartoons / Laura Sullivan -- The Senatore, Ignazio (2001) Curare con il Cinema. To- healing power of music / Nancy Davis and Beth rino: Centro Scientifico Ed., X, 227 S. (Psicologia: Pickard -- Using music and a musical chronology as a scienza e professione.). life review with the aging / Thelma Duffey -- Milieu multiplex: using movies in the treatment of adole- Sharp, Conni / Smith, Janet V. / Cole, Amykay scents with -- Little Miss Sunshine and positive psy- (2002) Cinematherapy: Metaphorically Promoting chology as a vehicle for change in adolescent depres- Therapeutic Change. In: Counseling Psychology sion / Dora Finamore -- Movie metaphors in minia- Quarterly / Journal of Counseling Psychology 15,3, ture: children's use of popular hero and shadow figures pp. 269-276. in sandplay / Linda B. Hunter -- Taking the sand tray ￢ Cinematherapy involves assigning clients commercial high tech: using the Sims as a therapeutic tool in the movies to view between sessions of therapy. This ar- treatment of adolescents / Deidre Skigen -- Picking up ticle describes the applications of cinematherapy as a coins: the use of video games in the treatment of ado- useful adjunct to more traditional approaches to thera- lescent social problems / George Enfield and Melonie peutic change. Techniques for implementation are out- Grosser -- Passing go in the game of life: board games lined, and potential advantages of the use of cinema- in therapeutic play / Harry Livesay -- Big heroes on therapy are discussed. While cinematherapy may be the small screen: Naruto and the struggle within / La- used as an assignment within a variety of theoretical wrence C. Rubin -- Marcia, Marcia, Marcia: the use orientations, this article conceptualizes the technique and impact of television themes, characters, and from the perspective of the use of metaphor to promo- images in psychotherapy / Loretta Gallo-Lopez -- The te therapeutic change. Although many therapists report Sopranos and a client's hope for justice / Thelma Duf- informal use of films in working with clients, there is fey and Heather Trepal -- Using the popularity of sport culture in psychotherapy / Jan M. Burte -- Sports me- a paucity of research on the efficacy of cinematherapy taphors and stories in counseling with children / David as a counselling technique. The article makes extrapo- A. Crenshaw and Gregory B. Barker -- Using pop cul- lations about effectiveness based on empirical findings Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 9 involving use of the related technique of bibliotherapy. tic Videotape and Film Modeling: A Review. In: However, the authors hope that the article will inspire Psychological Bulletin 86, 1979, pp. 701-720. more formal research into the use of cinematherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights Turley, Jeffrey M. / Derdeyn, André P. (1990) reserved) Use of a Horror Film in Psychotherapy. In: Journal Sinetar, Marsha (1993) Reel Power. Spiritual of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Growth Through Film. Ligouri, MO: Triumph Psychiatry 29,6, 1990, pp. 942-945. Books, ix, 179 pp. Tyson, L. / Foster, L. / Jones, C. (2000) The pro- Solomon, Gary (2001) Reel Therapy: How Movies cess of cinematherapy as a therapeutic intervention. Inspire You to Overcome Life's Problems. New York: In: Alabama Counseling Association Journal 26,1, Lebhar-Friedman Books, XIII, 274 S. 2000, pp. 35-41.￢ The use of movies as a tool in traditional therapy, dia- gnostic assistance in counselor training, and classroom Solomon, Gary (1995) The Motion Picture Pres- guidance/small group counseling in schools has incre- cription. Watch this movie and call me in the mor- ased in popularity. Watching a movie or a scene unfold ning; 200 movies to help you heal life's problems. is a participatory process for a client. The client is, at Santa Rosa, CA: Aslan Publishing, XIV, 242 S. some level, emotionally, physically, and cognitively involved in what is being viewed and heard Solomon, Gary (2005) Cinema Parenting: Using Movies to Teach Life's Most Important Lessons. Ulus, Fuat (2003) Movie Therapy, Moving Therapy! Fairfield, CT: Aslan Publishing, X, 246 S. The Healing Power of Film Clips in the Therapeutic Settings. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publ. 2003, n.p. Sturdevant, Cathie Glenn (1998) The Laugh & Movie Guide: Using Movies to Help Yourself Wedding, Danny / Boyd, M.A. / Niemiec, R.M. through Life's Changes. Larkspur, CA: Lightspheres, (2005) Movies and Mental Illness: Using Films to 218 S. Understand Psychotherapy. Cambridge: Hogrefe & Huber 2005. Sturdevant, Cathie Glenn (1996) More Like This. ￢ Online: http://hsu-hh.ciando.com/shop/book/short/in- The Movie Guide to Transitions. How to Use Movies dex.cfm/fuseaction/short/bok_id/5482. to Laugh and Cry Your Way Through Life's Changes. ￢ The clinical chapters of this book, each of which deals San Francisco: Cognito Press, 186 pp. with a category of disorders, are thus all introduced by means of a fabricated case history and a Mini-Mental Suarez, Elizabeth (2003) A Princess in God‘s Eyes. State Examination. This is followed in each chapter by Cinematherapy as an Adjunctive Tool. In: Journal of synopses and scenes from one or more specific, often well-known films to explain and teach students about Psychology and Christiaanity 22,3, pp. 259-261. the most important disorders encountered in clinical practice. Teague, Raymond (2000) Reel Spirit: A Guide to Movies That Inspire, Explore and Empower. Unity Wedding, Danny / Niemiec, Ryan M. (2003) The Village, MO: Unity House, 438 pp. Clinical Use of Films in Psychotherapy. In: Journal of Clinical Psychology 59,2, pp. 207-215. Teasley, Alan B. / Wilder, Ann (1997) Reel Conver- ￢ This article discusses the ways in which client attitu- sations. Reading Films with Young Adults. Ports- des about mental illness, psychotherapy, and therapists mouth, NH : Heinemann [...], XII, 202 S. (Young are shaped by contemporary films. Five common Adult Literature Series.). myths about mental illness that are promulgated by ￢ Vielfach nachgedruckt. films are discussed, and the potential applications of films in psychotherapy are reviewed. Numerous ex- Teischel, Otto (2007) Die Filmdeutung als Weg zum amples of films relevant to psychotherapy are presen- Selbst. Einführung in die Filmtherapie. Norderstedt: ted, and a clinical vignette is used to demonstrate how Books on Demand GmbH, 357 S. films can enrich and expand psychotherapy. (PsycIN- FO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reser- Thelen, Mark H. / Fry, Richard A. / Fehrenbach, ved) Peter A. / Frautschi, Nanette M. (1979) Therapeu- Wenzel, Jutta (1979) Die audiovisuelle Selbstkon- frontation (ASK). Eine Untersuchung zur Theorie u. Filmtherapie // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 97, 2009 /// 10 Praxis einer neuen Interventionstechnik in der Wooder, Bernie (2008) Movie Therapy: How it (Ehe-)Psychotherapie. Diss. München, III, 314, Changes Lives. Rideau Lakes Publ., 248 pp. XXIX S. ￢ The power of movies to help the depressed and de- spairing when used as a tool in therapy is vividly des- White, Mimi (1992) Tele-advising. Therapeutic dis- cribed in this new book. Psychotherapist Bernie Woo- course in American television. Chapel Hill: Univer- der was listening to a client talking when a film sud- sity of North Carolina Press, x, 218 p. denly flashed across his mind. That was how his pio- ￢ Contents: Tell Me More: Television as Therapy (25- neering work on movie therapy began, an approach 51). - Engendering Couples: The Subject of Daytime that today attracts huge interest in both therapy and Television (52-81). - Watching the Girls Go Buy: film circles. By encouraging people to examine their Shop-at-Home Television (82-109). - A Traffic in chosen films as part of their therapy, Bernie Wooder Souls: Televangelism and The 700 Club (110-144). - found he could help them unlock their traumas - with Mediating Relations: Prime-Time Series (145-172). astonishing results. As the fascinating stories in this book show, movie therapy is no gimmick nor quick fix. Rather, in the hands of a trained professional, it White, Mimi (2002) Television, Therapy, and the can promote healing and assist people in leading more Social Subject: Or, the TV Therapy Machine. In: contented and rewarding lives. Says Bernie Wooder: Reality Squared: Televisual Discourse on the Real. "Movies are the most powerful creative art form that Ed. by James Friedman New Brunswick, NJ: Rut- exists today, watched and understood by everyone. It gers University Press, pp. 313-322. makes sense to harness this power and use it as an aid to relieve suffering." Wolz, Birgit (2005) E-Motion Picture Magic: A Movie Lover's Guide to Healing and Transformati- Wormstall, Henning [...] (2000) Video - ein milieu- on. Centennial, Colorado: Glenbridge, X, 219 pp. therapeutisches Medium? In: Psychiatrische Praxis, 5 [= 27], 2000, S. 235-238.