Medien – Wissen – Bildung

Die Schriftenreihe Medien - Wissen - Bildung erscheint bei innsbruck university press.

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Telling Stories about Storytelling
Schmidt, Siegfried J. (2008)
Unlike describing, analysing, commanding or formalising, telling/narrating is the basic conscious operation of creating meaning in cognition as well as in communication. Therefore, narrating is an indispensable operation which at the same time performs and reveals the intrinsic mediality of our relation to the (our) world. Consequently, narration is a crucial topic of every media theory. Narrating is our most prominent and familiar way of constructing our experiential reality. Regarding the interrelation between event, narration, and story this means that stories do not at all represent events: instead, something becomes an event by and through the constructive operations of narrators. Stories can therefore be defined as meaning constructing reactions to experienced events. The papers analyses constellations of narrating, the relation between narrating, remembering and the construction of identity, and some of the functions of narrating for individuals as well as for societies. At the end, the paper considers why and how experimental literature disappoints the general expectation that literature has to tell stories and nothing else.
Storytelling: The Role of Written Languages and Visual Languages in Academic Narrations
Teixeira Pinto, Ana (2008)
Freud needed only to listen to his patients – “my sons are the cross I must bear” – to understand the reason for their lower back pain: ‘cross’ being, after all, in German, the same word that designates the dorsal region. In psychoanalysis the bodily inscription of a metaphor is understood to convey a repressed thought, such happenstance being known as somatic inscription. Once the unconscious – the primary process – cannot be bound by the laws of language it must express itself through condensation – a process through which two ideas or images combine into a single symbol – and displacement – the transfer of an emotion from its original focus to another object, person, or situation. Jacques Lacan later came to identify condensation and displacement as metonymy and metaphor. For the unconscious is structured like a language (Lacan 1977, pp. 161–197). In logical discourse the fallacy of equivocation is committed when someone uses the same word in different meanings in an argument, implying that the word means the same each time. The fallacy of equivocation is one among many other fallacies in logical argumentation. The term logical fallacy properly refers to a formal fallacy: a flaw in the structure of a deductive argument, which renders the argument invalid. Roughly speaking, the somatic inscription of a metaphor such as ‘my sons are the cross I must bear’ commits the fallacy of equivocation for it juxtaposes two different meanings – the lower back region and a structure consisting essentially of an upright and a transverse piece as a symbol of suffering – in the same signifier. Yet the rationality and hence the unity of the agent are the prejudice of a literary culture. The information processing of oral cultures is based on sensorimotor and mnemonical cues, leading to a metaphoric rather than metonymic apprehension of the world. Only when a literary syllogistic syntax starts to overwrite mythical speech is the human mind trained to disregard all forms of knowledge, which are incommensurable with logical procedures. The unconscious is nothing other than the remainder of a former oral cognition, which goes unaccounted for under a literary disposition.
Z.B.: ??? Digitale Detektivgeschichten für Kinder
Schröder, Thomas (2008)
What is still experimental elsewhere has long ago become commonplace in media for children. Successful series like “Die drei ???” (Engl. “The Three Investigators”) have not only been presented as books, audio plays or films for years, but also as computer games. A comparison shows that digital versions offer children a greater choice in terms of media reception. However, it also shows that medially provided possibilities are only partially exhausted. In terms of multi-mediality, objections are largely of an artistic and aesthetic kind. In the sphere of inter-activity, however, they point to central criteria of quality. Even the non-linearity of digital detective stories is to a large extent only fake. But how much more freedom would actually be desirable? How non-linear can a story be? Nonlinear storytelling in digital detective stories for children means that the same story is narrated differently – nothing more and nothing less.
Royal Road or Lost Highway? – Preliminaries for a Theoretical Conception of Filmtherapy
Heidbrink, Henriette (2008)
Die so genannte »Filmtherapie« wird bereits vielfach praktiziert – und das, obwohl eine entsprechende Rahmentheorie, die medienwissenschaftliches sowie psychologisches und therapeutisches Wissen vereint, noch gänzlich fehlt. Im folgenden Artikel sollen daher einige basale Probleme und hilfreiche Ideen der aktuellen Debatte um filmtherapeutische Konzepte skizziert werden, welche die komplizierten Feinheiten filmtherapeutischer Interventionen betreffen. Auf dieser Basis wird eine »Metatheorie der Beobachtung« vorgeschlagen, die in der Lage wäre, verschiedene traditionelle Formen der Materialbeobachtung – u.a. Hermeneutik, Phänomenologie, Semiotik – zu integrieren.
„Ein wenig Romantik neben dem Hauptplot kann nicht schaden“: Vernetztes (Weiter-)Erzählen in Fanfiction- Communities
Ortner, Heike (2008)
This essay deals with fanfiction as a blend of highly individual narrative necessities on the one hand and aesthetic as well as communicative norms negotiated within an online community on the other hand. Two points are being made: First, the term fanfiction comprises heterogeneous texts that use virtually all narrative devices deployed by the so-called canon. At the same time the authors develop new genres, modes of narration and textual models which are only comprehensible through acknowledging the peculiar dynamics of online Storytelling. Second, the special forms of meta-communication within the fanfiction community have major influences not only on what kinds of stories are told and on the way they are told but also on the very existence of fanfiction. These claims are illustrated by fanfiction based on the Harry Potter novels by J.K. Rowling.
Whose Story Is It, Anyway? Storytelling, Ownership, and Collective Collaboration in the News Media
Schwarz, Claudia (2008)
Wem gehören Stories in den Nachrichtenmedien? Den Menschen, die sie erleben (Subjekt/ Ursprung); denen, die darüber schreiben (Verfasser/Vermittler); oder denen, auf deren Leben der öffentliche Diskurs einwirkt (Kultur/Gesellschaft)? Auf Grundlage der Prüfung von drei Thesen, (1) dass Stories in den Nachrichten Konstrukte sind, (2) dass Stories als Eigentum gehandelt werden, welches Menschen oder Institutionen gehört und (3) dass kollektive Kollaboration im Nachrichtensystem durch neue Medientechnologien bestehende Besitzansprüche in Frage stellen, analysiert der Artikel mögliche Ansätze unterschiedlicher Dimensionen in der Urheberfrage in den Nachrichtenmedien und plädiert für einen ‚open source‘-Ansatz in der Berichterstattung.
Über die gegenwärtige Konjunktur des Erzählens und die Inflation der Erzähltheorien – Versuch einer Orientierung zwischen den Disziplinen
Schneider, Ingo (2008)
In various disciplines – not only in humanities such as European Ethnology, History, Philosophy and Literature, but also in Psychology, Medicine and even Economics – the interest in storytelling as a basic cultural skill has significantly increased during the last decades. This phenomenon has been accompanied by an almost inflationary rise of narrative theories. This paper will first of all discuss the present situation and relevance of storytelling in oral, literal and digital surroundings in general and then move on to outline the multidisciplinary interest in storytelling and the variety of theoretical models relating to it. The author’s main interest, however, focuses on the question of what this boom in storytelling and the inflation of narrative theory can be attributed to: Can it be understood simply as a temporary scholarly fashion, as a bandwagon jumped on by many disciplines, or as a reflection of the fundamental insight into the fact that our whole life is organised according to narrative structures? This would imply that we are no longer talking about narrative theory in a narrow sense but of a more fundamental approach to cultural theory.
Zeitgestaltung im digitalen Erzählraum
Mahne, Nicole (2008)
Different media produce different narrative forms. That is exactly the reason why a special story can’t be transferred from one medium into another without changing the respective content. What are the medium-bound possibilities of time construction in narrative digital texts? This paper studies the interaction between the discourse time, the story time and the dynamic hypertext. It outlines special functions that allow the manipulation not only of the discourse time but also of the narrated events. Narrative tools are systematically analyzed and compared with other forms of storytelling like novel, film, theater etc.
Das Spiegelstadium im Stadion - Die medialen Räume von Fernsehen und Architektur
Schnell, Angelika (2008)
Usually the architecture of a sports stadium is defined by the formal and material construction of the stands and the way they are arranged around the field. Ever since the erection of the Roman Colosseum, the architecture of this building type has organized the sports meeting to perfection. However, today’s presence of television cameras – especially at a football competition – superimposes this system through another space-time structure that both competes and emphasizes the “old” structure formerly known as architecture. Since the broadcasting companies not only try to celebrate the game but also the colourful activities of the supporters and everything inside and outside the arena, which hopes to belong to the game, the “stage” for the event extends and diffuses at the same time. Hence a distinction was established between the architecture of the stadium and the architecture of the event. Sometimes they are completely different in space and time and sometimes they behave like images in a mirror. Yet through their interaction finally the functionalist dream becomes true: Whether they are visible or not depends on the event itself. The essay will discuss some examples of this irritating and mirroring effect provoked by the presence of television cameras in football stadiums. They might demonstrate the close relationship of this particular and still underestimated mass medium to modern architecture and relate event architecture to the theories of Jacques Lacan.
Towards Post-Cognitive E-Learning: Discursive Psychology and Educational Technology
Friesen, Norm (2008)
As an alternative to dominant cognitive-constructivist approaches to educational technology, this paper utilizes what has been termed a “discursive,” or “post-cognitive” psychological research paradigm. It does so by adapting discursive and conversational analyses to the study of educational technology use. It applies these adapted techniques specifically to discursive interactions with “chat bots” or “intelligent agents,” and to the theories commonly associated with them. In doing so, it presents a critique of notions of human-computer “indistinguishability” or “equality” as they have been articulated from Alan Turing (1950) to Reeves and Nass (1996), and it sketches an alternative account of the potential and limitations of this technology. In divergence from Turing and Reeves and Nass, human discourse generated through encounters with these “natural language interfaces” is seen as emphasizing the issue of “conversation” itself, foregrounding the achievement of common discursive aims and projects, rather than illuminating the internal states of either interlocutor.
The Phenomenotechnical, Math education and the Experience of “Lived Number”
Friesen, Norm; Francis-Poscente, Krista (2008)
Over the last half century, in considering possible directions for a future study of media, a sociology of science, or for phenomenology itself, theorists have invoked Bachelard's notion of “phenomenotechnics” (Latour & Woolgar 1980; Waldenfels 2004; Castelao-Lawless 1995). Phenomenotechnics refers to the study of “a reality [which] takes on the appearance of a phenomenon by virtue of its construction through material techniques” (Latour & Wolgar 1980). Whether these material techniques are laboratory instruments and practices, cinematic technologies, or online simulations, the effects of such “technologies of attention” as Waldenfels calls them, can be seen as “belong[ing] to the field of the phenomenotechnical, which is always already a part of the organization of experience” (2004; p. 120). In defining and undertaking a phenomenotechnical investigation, this study focuses on the use and history of one particular “technology of attention” (Waldenfels 2004), the famous “Tower of Hanoi” puzzle. Considered a classical problem in both programming and artificial intelligence, this simple “game” is widely available on the Web as a simulation, and is occasionally used in this and other forms for mathematics education. Through a careful examination of the experiential dimension of this particular “attentional technology,” this paper develops an understanding of its educational value specifically in terms of its phenomenotechnical and experiential characteristics, pointing towards the importance of affective and embodied experience of numerical magnitude and relationship – rather than more formalized knowledge – in mathematical understanding.
Responding to the Challenges of Religious Storying in a Digital Age: Building New Opportunities through www.Feautor.org
Hess, Mary E. (2008)
Religious storying – the process of creating and forming religious identity within and through a religious community’s stories – is dramatically affected by the rise and ubiquity of digital storying processes present within wider cultural contexts, particularly those impacted by what has been termed “mass media”. Most specifically, processes of authority (authorizing), production of authenticity, and structure of agency are shifted; in some cases flattened, in others narrowed or constricted. A specific website created to provide a vehicle for publishing and reviewing “open sourced” religious resources is explored as one mechanism of response to this shift in cultural context.
The Triplets and an Analysis of the Reception of Their Female Media Characters
Ambròs, Alba (2008)
Die Erzählungkunst verzaubert alle Kinder und Erwachsene auch noch heute noch wegen ihrer magischen Reise durch die Welt der Fantasie und der Träume. Diese Untersuchung bringt die Rezeption von drei beschriebenen weiblichen Charakteren – Die Drillinge (Helena, Anna und Theresa) – und ihre genderspezifische Auswirkung auf eine Gruppe von 170 achtjährige Kinder. Die Studie folgt der vorhergehenden Untersuchung von Prats & Ambrós (2008). Abschließende Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Rollen und Geschlechter der Drillinge von den 170 Kinder nicht gleich rezipiert werden. Die Intertextualität jeder Schwester mit anderen männlichen und weiblichen Charakteren in der Literatur und in den Medien bestätigt, dass die Beziehungen im Kontext der Medien und nicht im literarischen Kontext gebildet werden. Darüber hinaus gibt es enge Beziehungen zwischen dem Geschlecht des Befragten und dem Geschlecht des ausgewählten Charakters.
New Technologies and didactics in New Methodologies environment
dos Reis, António (2008)
The uprising of New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) increases the gap on pedagogical and didactical skills on education agents. It is therefore urgent to ensure appropriate pedagogical and methodological training linked to the recent developed technological tools. Human resources skills are key tools for problem solution as opposite to an exclusive technological answer. At the present time, new research, approach and implementation in “NICM – New Information and Communication Methodology's” it is a must to improve the quality on the education process. A thought on “learn how to teach and teach how to learn” is our communication focus.
Digital Storytelling als Teil der Portfolioarbeit in der frühkindlichen Lernentwicklung – Ein Praxisbericht
Schallhart, Elisabeth; Wieden-Bischof, Diana (2008)
Children of an age to attend kindergarten are very interested in all different forms of narratives. Personal experiences can be reflected through various kinds of stories; besides that narratives enable to acquire lot of (new) knowledge. Children explain their world beyond stories by acting out wishes, problems, and conflicts in representative tales. Due to the fact that children of this age are always prepared to pick up stories in all media forms such as to read out of the stories, to tell stories, to listen to cassettes, to haunt on the screen (cf. Merkel 2007). The following paper shows one possibility of the use of digital storytelling in relation to learning processes in the early childhood. Furthermore it should be shown how this method could be effective integrated in the course of the portfolio work in the kindergarten Maurach (Austria).
Communities of Projects oder: Die Große Welt der kleinen Erzählungen
Faßler, Manfred (2008)
The longer the controversies about the power of information streams, dissipative global communication, selective processes in the invention and diffusion of instruments, techniques, technologies and media last, the more questions arise about the cultural source codes of machines and media, the evolutionary codes of cultural development or the narrative contents of all that. With the beginning of the 21st century, the return of a global and powerful world expert could be observed: the return of the story, the telling, the interpretation and cognitive experts. At the same time we face storytelling revisited and storytelling as an e-learning-tool and the recreation of narrative communication as anti-regulative global content building.
Kollaboratives audio-basiertes Storytelling: Grundlagen, Prinzipien und Anwendung
Klebl, Michael; Lukosch, Stephan (2008)
This article identifies the requirements for a technical system that supports collaborative audiobased storytelling. In the first part of the article, we discuss the basic principles of collaborative audio-based storytelling and its application in different scenarios. In the second part of the article, we introduce a process for collecting, structuring, and linking audio clips and finally publishing the resulting audio-based stories in a web-based environment. We illustrate this process by describing a prototypical tool for collaborative audio-based storytelling. We conclude by highlighting the specific characteristics of our process and tool and giving an outlook on future work directions.
The (Wo)man on the Net: Exploring the New Social Distribution of Knowledge
Bakardjieva, Maria (2008)
In his essay “The Well Informed Citizen” Schütz (1964), introduces three ideal social types distinguished on the basis of their relation to knowledge: the man on the street, the expert and the well-informed citizen. Schütz argues that: “Knowledge is socially distributed and the mechanism of this distribution can be made the subject matter of a sociological discipline.” This paper takes up this challenge and sets out to investigate the mechanisms of the social distribution of knowledge in the age of the Internet. An extensive set of data obtained through qualitative interviews in Canadian households using the Internet is analyzed from this perspective. The “man (woman) on the net” is introduced as a new social type that represents a dynamic and complex relation to knowledge characterized by expanding zones of relevance and constant tension between common-sense recipes and expertise.
Reporting / Narrating / Storytelling – Anthropological Explorations into Machinima & Its Neighbours
Schwinghammer, Alexander (2008)
Beginning with the theatre of ancient Greece, proceeding to television news and ending with computer in-game generated machinima, this paper takes a look at the momentums of intermediality and inter-mediation interwoven with the event and the representation as an event. Ancient Greek Theatre and television news serve as points of reference to inquire game engine based machinima and its medial performative displays. Overall this paper aims to contribute to anthropological approaches to game studies and to trigger discussions rather than casting a theoretical paradigm in iron.
Filmische DigiTales. Entwicklung eines Konzepts für eine interaktive Dokumentation im Web
Hoppe, Imke (2008)
The theoretical aim of this essay is to explore the possible change concerning the point of view which users of interactive films may take when given the possibilty to become more active recipients or even narrators themselves. The article is also discussing the chances and risks faced by journalists and documentarians who are willing to adopt modified points of view. Both perspectives serve as a basis for developing a concept for interactive documentaries and their implementation in practice. The first step was to design a digital storyboard. It supports the identification of the documentary content structure on multiple levels with regard to the main plot line. Persons, places and narrated time are the main links between the documentary and subsequent information. The project was realized with an open-source-based framework and the implementation of a documentary. The digital storyboard as well as the application provide the opportunity to creatively explore the concept of interactive television.

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